.Alemania participa en la financiación de las bombas atómicas israelíes desde los años 60 ¿Está la existencia de Israel amenazada? Juli2012
Demi-vérités à la Une du Spiegel sur la fourniture de sous-marins nucléaires à Israël L’existence d’Israël est-elle menacée ? Juli 2012
La critica de Grass a Israel es acertada en lo fundamental April 2012
La critica de Grass a Israel es acertada en lo fundamental.doc | |
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A System Turned Upside Down
Arab awakening. Pillars of stability and energy
security are being lost – the West has to rethink, in Monthly Review March 2011
The article contains an analysis of three tendencies which are coming
together: USA more and more lose control over the oil world market;
Israel loses its bridge function within the US-hegemony in the Middle
East, and the autonomy of the Middle East States becomes stronger.
massarrat100311.html | |
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Energy Scenarios for Iran 2009
Energy is becoming increasingly important in the world economy as demand is rapidly rising and supply of hydrocarbon resources is more restricted. Iran is the largest country in the Middle East and as an energy rich country, with 11 percent of the global oil reserves, and 15.3 percent of the global natural gas reserves (second only to Russia). It plays an important role in world energy supply and hence in the global economy. However, Iran has had trouble in capitalizing on its vast resources. It has been experiencing a rapid economic growth for the past two decades, leading to an increasing trend in domestic demand for energy. Iran s generous subsidies program in the energy sector has also contributed to growing energy consumption. Although higher energy consumption may contribute to economic growth, it would restrict economic activities as the oil exports shrink. The Iranian economy is heavily dependent on oil exports revenues as oil exports account for half of the gross government revenues and about 80 percent of the country s total exports earnings. On the supply side, Iran has not been able to catch up with the increasing trend in demand leading to a shortage of energy in industry, transport and residential sectors. Iran is now facing serious challenges in the economy and the energy sector, imminent of which are price reforms by removing heavy subsidies in the energy market and attracting foreign investments to boost its oil and natural gas production and exports.
Energy is becoming increasingly important in the world economy as demand is rapidly rising and supply of hydrocarbon resources is more restricted. Iran is the largest country in the Middle East and as an energy rich country, with 11 percent of the global oil reserves, and 15.3 percent of the global natural gas reserves (second only to Russia). It plays an important role in world energy supply and hence in the global economy. However, Iran has had trouble in capitalizing on its vast resources. It has been experiencing a rapid economic growth for the past two decades, leading to an increasing trend in domestic demand for energy. Iran s generous subsidies program in the energy sector has also contributed to growing energy consumption. Although higher energy consumption may contribute to economic growth, it would restrict economic activities as the oil exports shrink. The Iranian economy is heavily dependent on oil exports revenues as oil exports account for half of the gross government revenues and about 80 percent of the country s total exports earnings. On the supply side, Iran has not been able to catch up with the increasing trend in demand leading to a shortage of energy in industry, transport and residential sectors. Iran is now facing serious challenges in the economy and the energy sector, imminent of which are price reforms by removing heavy subsidies in the energy market and attracting foreign investments to boost its oil and natural gas production and exports.
Energy Scenarios for Iran | |
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articlespan.asp.htm | |
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fautedarafatfranpp.asp.htm | |
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reformdurchrevolutionfranpp.asp.htm | |
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Iran’s Energy Supply 2007
Iran’s current energy supply system is highly inefficient. It produces high levels of CO2 emissions and harmful substances with considerable consequences for the health of the population in metropolitan areas, as well as considerable follow-up costs for the economy as a whole in the long term. In addition, from a budgetary point of view, the current substantial subsidies for the energy supply are also a problem. Therefore Iran is now faced with a considerable energy policy challenge which makes it a matter of urgency to restructure the energy supply system, taking into account economically reasonable and technologically feasible alternatives. These alternatives already exist and Iran could realistically use them, both in the interests of its own population and economy and in the interests of climate protection.
Iran’s current energy supply system is highly inefficient. It produces high levels of CO2 emissions and harmful substances with considerable consequences for the health of the population in metropolitan areas, as well as considerable follow-up costs for the economy as a whole in the long term. In addition, from a budgetary point of view, the current substantial subsidies for the energy supply are also a problem. Therefore Iran is now faced with a considerable energy policy challenge which makes it a matter of urgency to restructure the energy supply system, taking into account economically reasonable and technologically feasible alternatives. These alternatives already exist and Iran could realistically use them, both in the interests of its own population and economy and in the interests of climate protection.
Iran’s Energy Supply, 2007 | |
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Oil Prices and Democracy 2006
Oil was by far the most important strategic product of the 20th century and will remain such for the foreseeable future. Low oil prices, which have dominated until the present day, are responsible for three fateful developments in the modern world: they encouraged energy-intensive, unsustainable worldwide growth, they forced the destabilization of the global climate and they became a decisive instrument for the redistribution of oil rents to the benefit of the consuming states. The typical neoclassical response that supply and demand determine oil prices is tautological and provides merely a justification for low oil prices. The neoclassisists have failed to produce a coherent explanation for the paradox of long-term oversupply of oil and persistent price decreases, as well as for the price surges in the last 30 years. However,
a comprehensive theory of oil prices that accommodates the complexities of the topic is necessary. Such a theory helps to overcome selective perspectives and allows for an impartial discussion of the basic conditions for a self-sustaining global energy supply. Four empirically and scientifically provable factors are critical to the formation of oil prices: 1. marginal costs, 2. scarcity costs, 3. interest rates on the international financial markets and 4. the national sovereignty of and democracy in the oil producing states.
Oil was by far the most important strategic product of the 20th century and will remain such for the foreseeable future. Low oil prices, which have dominated until the present day, are responsible for three fateful developments in the modern world: they encouraged energy-intensive, unsustainable worldwide growth, they forced the destabilization of the global climate and they became a decisive instrument for the redistribution of oil rents to the benefit of the consuming states. The typical neoclassical response that supply and demand determine oil prices is tautological and provides merely a justification for low oil prices. The neoclassisists have failed to produce a coherent explanation for the paradox of long-term oversupply of oil and persistent price decreases, as well as for the price surges in the last 30 years. However,
a comprehensive theory of oil prices that accommodates the complexities of the topic is necessary. Such a theory helps to overcome selective perspectives and allows for an impartial discussion of the basic conditions for a self-sustaining global energy supply. Four empirically and scientifically provable factors are critical to the formation of oil prices: 1. marginal costs, 2. scarcity costs, 3. interest rates on the international financial markets and 4. the national sovereignty of and democracy in the oil producing states.
Oil Prices and Democracy, 2006 | |
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Oil Prices and Democracy, short version 2006
Many consumers think that current oil prices are too high, and governments of industrialized nations use every chance they can to push moderate prices through OPEC. While the current price of US$50 per barrel is equivalent to oil prices in the 1950s, it falls to US$6.5 per barrel when adjusted for inflation. This is especially remarkable considering the fact that, since the creation of the international oil market in the 1930’s, worldwide demand for oil has risen by 2000% while oil resources have become scarcer. Why, then, hasn’t the price of oil risen accordingly? In my opinion, the lack of democracy in the Golf States, which own the largest oil reserves, is the most important reason for this apparent mystery. More democracy – wanted by all – causes oil prices to rise – which, however, very few desire. This is a surprising theory
for many, but recently it has become an explosive issue due to the Greater Middle East Democracy Initiative (insofar as this is meant sincerely).
Many consumers think that current oil prices are too high, and governments of industrialized nations use every chance they can to push moderate prices through OPEC. While the current price of US$50 per barrel is equivalent to oil prices in the 1950s, it falls to US$6.5 per barrel when adjusted for inflation. This is especially remarkable considering the fact that, since the creation of the international oil market in the 1930’s, worldwide demand for oil has risen by 2000% while oil resources have become scarcer. Why, then, hasn’t the price of oil risen accordingly? In my opinion, the lack of democracy in the Golf States, which own the largest oil reserves, is the most important reason for this apparent mystery. More democracy – wanted by all – causes oil prices to rise – which, however, very few desire. This is a surprising theory
for many, but recently it has become an explosive issue due to the Greater Middle East Democracy Initiative (insofar as this is meant sincerely).
Oil Prices and Democracy | |
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Iran's energy policy: Current dilemmas and perspective for a sustainable energy policy
2004
Iran´s energy policy in: IJEST. Autumn 2004 | |
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The Capitalist World Economy: The Symbioss of Capital Accumulation and Power Imbalance. A Critique of ernest Mandel,s Late Capitalism.(unpublicht) 2003
the_capitalist_world_economy-_29-10-03.doc | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
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Iran’s Energy Policy 2003
Iran is facing large challenges in the area of energy policy. In order to illuminate these challenges and the problems and possibilities they present, first I will analyze the current energy consumption patterns in Iran as well as the energy policy of the Iranian government –
including its atomic energy programs. Based on this analysis, I will then formulate alternative concepts for Iran’s future energy and national security policy.
Iran is facing large challenges in the area of energy policy. In order to illuminate these challenges and the problems and possibilities they present, first I will analyze the current energy consumption patterns in Iran as well as the energy policy of the Iranian government –
including its atomic energy programs. Based on this analysis, I will then formulate alternative concepts for Iran’s future energy and national security policy.
Iran’s Energy Policy, 2003 | |
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Sostenibilidad a traves de la internalizacion de los costos 2001
Sostenibilidad a traves de la internacionalizacion de los costos, 2001 | |
File Size: | 5197 kb |
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Sustainability, North-south distribution conflicts in international climate protection and strategies for a solution 1999
Sustainability, North-south distribution conflicts in international climate protection and strategies for a solution, 1999 | |
File Size: | 1110 kb |
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Analysis: Sustainability through cost internalization: theoretical rudiments for the analysis and reform of global structures 1997
Sustainability through cost internalization: theoretical rudiments for the analysis and reform of global structures, 1997 | |
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Exhaustible Resources at Dumping Prices. Affluence at the Expense of the South and of the Future Generations 1994
Exhaustible Resources at Dumping Prices. Affluence at the Expense of the South and of the Future Generations, 1994 | |
File Size: | 1560 kb |
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Crisis in the Coffee Economy 1990
Crisis in the Coffee Economy.pdf | |
File Size: | 947 kb |
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Oil and Class Struggle 1980
Oil and Class Struggle, 1980 | |
File Size: | 3167 kb |
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'éCrise de l'énergie ou crise du capitalisme? 1975
Crise de l'énergie ou crise du capitalisme? 1975 | |
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